Internationalization of Haskell programs using Haskell data types
From HaskellWiki
You can use Haskell data types for internationalization. The idea is to have a data type with all your messages, like
data Message = Hello | WhatsYourName | MyNameIs String | Ihave_apples Int GoodBye
For each of your supported languages, you provide a rendering function (they may be in separate source files):
render_en_US :: Message -> String render_en_US Hello = "Hello!" render_en_US WhatsYourName = "What's your name?" render_en_US (MyNameIs name) = "My name is " ++ name ++ "." render_en_US (Ihave_apples 0) = "I don't have any apples." render_en_US (Ihave_apples 1) = "I have one apple." render_en_US (Ihave_apples n) = "I have " ++ n ++ " apples." render_en_US GoodBye = "Good bye!" render_pt_BR :: Message -> String render_pt_BR Hello = "Olá!" render_pt_BR WhatsYourName = "Como você se chama?" render_pt_BR (MyNameIs name) = "Eu me chamo " ++ name ++ "." render_pt_BR (Ihave_apples 0) = "Não tenho nenhuma maçã." render_pt_BR (Ihave_apples 1) = "Tenho uma maçã." render_pt_BR (Ihave_apples 2) = "Tenho uma maçã." render_pt_BR (Ihave_apples n) = "Tenho " ++ show n ++ " maçãs." render_pt_BR GoodBye = "Tchau!"
Given those functions, you can construct something like
type Lang = String render :: [Lang] -> Message -> String render ("pt" :_) = render_pt_BR render ("pt_BR":_) = render_pt_BR render ("en" :_) = render_en_US render ("en_US":_) = render_en_US render (_:xs) = render xs render _ = render_en_US
r = render ["fr", "pt"]
r
Using is easy and clear:
putStrLn $ r Hello putStrLn $ r WhatsYourName name <- getLine putStrLn $ r MyNameIs "Alice" putStrLn $ r (Ihave_apples $ length name `mod` 4) putStrLn $ r GoodBye
This approach is used for internationalization in the Yesod web framework, except that instead of one big data type, some type classes are used.
