OpenGL
This is a stub page for Haskell's OpenGL and GLUT bindings. It is meant as a starting point to replace the outdated and misleading documentation at the old page.
First, note that the implementation is far more up-to-date than that old page suggested (originally, it was quite useful, but the page hasn't kept up with the implementation for a long time now).
References
In particular, note that the examples/ directory in the GLUT repo contains lots of examples, including translations of the red book examples.
Both the API documentation and the examples are best studied with the original specs and the original red book examples at hand. An index of the examples from v1.1 of the red book, with screen shots, can be found here
Projects using the OpenGL bindings
- Endless Cavern, a 2D procedurally-generated exploration game.
- Frag, a 3D first-person shooter game.
- Monadius, a 2D scrolling arcade game.
- Roguestar, a roguelike adventure game using 3D graphics.
- Shu-thing, a 2D scroling arcade game.
- Topkata, a jumping ball puzzle game.
- PolyFunViz, a toolkit for scientific visualization (e.g. surfaces, flows, contours, volumes)
HOpenGL Resources
- OpenGLTutorial1 and OpenGLTutorial2
- Beautiful Code, Compelling Evidence: Functional Programming for Information Visualization and Visual Analytics - Writing visualizations using OpenGL or Cairo (PDF)
- Andre Furtado's nice tutorial written in 2001 (bitrotted)
- Spriting with HOpenGL, David Morra
OpenGL Resources
- OpenGL FAQ and Toubleshooting Guide Assumes some knowledge of OpenGL. Good for those who have written something but want to avoid common pitfalls.
Getting Started
- Windows users can read how to install OpenGL in the blog article freeglut + Windows + HOpenGL + HGLUT
- assuming you know Haskell, any OpenGL tutorial of your choice should get you going (browsing the OpenGL site is also a good idea)
- use the Red Book, and its example code translations, to understand the small differences between OpenGL and HOpenGL
- use the OpenGL and GLUT specs to find your way around the HOpenGL Haddock documentation
- use the HopenGL list for questions and success stories
Additional software
- FTGL: Portable TrueType font rendering for OpenGL using the Freetype2 library
- GLFW: A binding for GLFW, An OpenGL Framework
- GLUT: A binding for the OpenGL Utility Toolkit
- graphics-drawingcombinators: A functional interface to 2D drawing in OpenGL
Somewhat related is SDL, which is also based on OpenGL:
- SDL: Binding to libSDL
- SDL-gfx: Binding to libSDL_gfx
- SDL-image: Binding to libSDL_image
- SDL-mixer: Binding to libSDL_mixer
- SDL-mpeg: Binding to the SMPEG library
- SDL-ttf: Binding to libSDL_ttf
To add sound to OpenGL applications:
- OpenAL: A binding to the OpenAL cross-platform 3D audio API
- ALUT: A binding for the OpenAL Utility Toolkit
Troubleshooting
I can't display text with renderString
It's probably because the text is displayed too big. Setting a much smaller scale factor before calling renderString should solve the problem.
scale 0.001 0.001 (0.001∷GLfloat)
renderString Roman "Test string"
Animations flicker
If you're not using DoubleBuffered display mode, turn that on. Also, you must set the display mode before creating the window you're going to be drawing in. To check if you've enabled double buffering use something like:
db <- get doubleBuffered
and set DoubleBuffered mode (before creating your windows!) like this:
initialDisplayMode $= [DoubleBuffered]
createWindow "My Window"
swapBuffers
The depth buffer doesn't work (things that are closer to the camera are occluded by things that are farther from the camera)
Make sure that depthFunc is set:
depthFunc $= Just Less
Furthermore, if you're using GLFW, the following var has to be greater than zero:
get (windowParam DepthBits)
See also: The OpenGL FAQ: 12.010 How do I make depth buffering work?