Simple monad examples

This page is designed to show some simple examples of using monads.

I personally found that I reached monad-enlightenment once I contrived this simple example while playing around to see the "guts" of a monadic expression:

Just 5 >>= (\ x -> if (x == 0) then fail "zero" else Just (x + 1) )

Which results in:

Just 6

All you really need to know, is that the >>= operator either returns "Nothing" if it is passed "Nothing" on it's left-hand side; or if it's left-hand side is a "Just ..." it strips off the just, and passes the contents into the function supplied on it's right-hand side. Simple!

Some simple exercises:

What would the following snippets resolve to?

Just 0 >>= (\ x -> if (x == 0) then fail "zero" else Just (x + 1) )
Nothing >>= (\ x -> if (x == 0) then fail "zero" else Just (x + 1) )