Alternative f => [f a] -> f a -fgl
The sum of a collection of actions, generalizing concat.
This generalizes the list-based concat function.
Randomly uses one of the given generators. The input list must be non-empty.
The union of a list of maps.
> unions [(fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")]), (fromList [(5, "A"), (7, "C")]), (fromList [(5, "A3"), (3, "B3")])]
> == fromList [(3, "b"), (5, "a"), (7, "C")]
> unions [(fromList [(5, "A3"), (3, "B3")]), (fromList [(5, "A"), (7, "C")]), (fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")])]
> == fromList [(3, "B3"), (5, "A3"), (7, "C")]
Combines all parsers in the specified list.
Combines all parsers in the specified list.
Concatenate a list of lists.
The sum of a collection of actions, generalizing concat.
The union of a list of maps, with a combining operation.
> unionsWith (++) [(fromList [(5, "a"), (3, "b")]), (fromList [(5, "A"), (7, "C")]), (fromList [(5, "A3"), (3, "B3")])]
> == fromList [(3, "bB3"), (5, "aAA3"), (7, "C")]
intercalate xs xss is equivalent to (concat (intersperse xs xss)). It inserts the list xs in between the lists in xss and concatenates the result.
Evaluate each action in the sequence from left to right, and ignore the results.
The transpose function transposes the rows and columns of its argument. For example,
> transpose [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]] == [[1,4],[2,5],[3,6]]
The concatenation of all the elements of a container of lists.
One or none.
Note: this function is deprecated, please use mask instead.
Applying block to a computation will execute that computation with asynchronous exceptions blocked. That is, any thread which attempts to raise an exception in the current thread with Control.Exception.throwTo will be blocked until asynchronous exceptions are unblocked again. There's no need to worry about re-enabling asynchronous exceptions; that is done automatically on exiting the scope of block.
Threads created by Control.Concurrent.forkIO inherit the blocked state from the parent; that is, to start a thread in blocked mode, use block $ forkIO .... This is particularly useful if you need to establish an exception handler in the forked thread before any asynchronous exceptions are received.
Like mask, but does not pass a restore action to the argument.
Run the IO computation passed as the first argument. If the calling thread is not bound, a bound thread is created temporarily. runInBoundThread doesn't finish until the IO computation finishes.
You can wrap a series of foreign function calls that rely on thread-local state with runInBoundThread so that you can use them without knowing whether the current thread is bound.
Run the IO computation passed as the first argument. If the calling thread is bound, an unbound thread is created temporarily using forkIO. runInBoundThread doesn't finish until the IO computation finishes.
Use this function only in the rare case that you have actually observed a performance loss due to the use of bound threads. A program that doesn't need it's main thread to be bound and makes heavy use of concurrency (e.g. a web server), might want to wrap it's main action in runInUnboundThread.
Note that exceptions which are thrown to the current thread are thrown in turn to the thread that is executing the given computation. This ensures there's always a way of killing the forked thread.
Note: this function is deprecated, please use mask instead.
To re-enable asynchronous exceptions inside the scope of block, unblock can be used. It scopes in exactly the same way, so on exit from unblock asynchronous exception delivery will be disabled again.
unsafeInterleaveIO allows IO computation to be deferred lazily. When passed a value of type IO a, the IO will only be performed when the value of the a is demanded. This is used to implement lazy file reading, see System.IO.hGetContents.
Push the current matrix stack down by one, duplicating the current matrix, excute the given action, and pop the current matrix stack, replacing the current matrix with the one below it on the stack (i.e. restoring it to its previous state). The returned value is that of the given action. Note that a round-trip to the server is probably required. For a more efficient version, see unsafePreservingMatrix.
A more efficient, but potentially dangerous version of preservingMatrix: The given action is not allowed to throw an exception or change the current matrix mode permanently.
On Windows operating systems, the networking subsystem has to be initialised using withSocketsDo before any networking operations can be used. eg.
> main = withSocketsDo $ do {...}
Although this is only strictly necessary on Windows platforms, it is harmless on other platforms, so for portability it is good practice to use it all the time.
O(min(n,W)). Delete the maximal key. An error is thrown if the IntMap is already empty. Note, this is not the same behavior Map.
O(min(n,W)). Delete the minimal key. An error is thrown if the IntMap is already empty. Note, this is not the same behavior Map.
(parens p) parses "P", "(P0)", "((P0))", etc, p parses "P" in the current precedence context and parses "P0" in precedence context zero
Resets the precedence context to zero.
Increases the precedence context by one.
O(n). The reverse of a sequence.
O(log n). Delete the maximal element.
O(log n). Delete the minimal element.
cycle ties a finite list into a circular one, or equivalently, the infinite repetition of the original list. It is the identity on infinite lists.
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