Int -> a -> [a]
replicate n x is a list of length n with x the value of every element. It is an instance of the more general Data.List.genericReplicate, in which n may be of any integral type.
drop n xs returns the suffix of xs after the first n elements, or [] if n > length xs:
> drop 6 "Hello World!" == "World!"
> drop 3 [1,2,3,4,5] == [4,5]
> drop 3 [1,2] == []
> drop 3 [] == []
> drop (-1) [1,2] == [1,2]
> drop 0 [1,2] == [1,2]
It is an instance of the more general Data.List.genericDrop, in which n may be of any integral type.
take n, applied to a list xs, returns the prefix of xs of length n, or xs itself if n > length xs:
> take 5 "Hello World!" == "Hello"
> take 3 [1,2,3,4,5] == [1,2,3]
> take 3 [1,2] == [1,2]
> take 3 [] == []
> take (-1) [1,2] == []
> take 0 [1,2] == []
It is an instance of the more general Data.List.genericTake, in which n may be of any integral type.
O(n) Splits a Text into components of length k. The last element may be shorter than the other chunks, depending on the length of the input. Examples:
> chunksOf 3 "foobarbaz" == ["foo","bar","baz"]
> chunksOf 4 "haskell.org" == ["hask","ell.","org"]
Generates a list of the given length.
count n p parses n occurrences of p in sequence. A list of results is returned.
replicateM n act performs the action n times, gathering the results.
The intersperse function takes an element and a list and `intersperses' that element between the elements of the list. For example,
> intersperse ',' "abcde" == "a,b,c,d,e"
asTypeOf is a type-restricted version of const. It is usually used as an infix operator, and its typing forces its first argument (which is usually overloaded) to have the same type as the second.
Evaluates its first argument to head normal form, and then returns its second argument as the result.
Indicates that it may be beneficial to evaluate the first argument in parallel with the second. Returns the value of the second argument.
a `par` b is exactly equivalent semantically to b.
par is generally used when the value of a is likely to be required later, but not immediately. Also it is a good idea to ensure that a is not a trivial computation, otherwise the cost of spawning it in parallel overshadows the benefits obtained by running it in parallel.
Note that actual parallelism is only supported by certain implementations (GHC with the -threaded option, and GPH, for now). On other implementations, par a b = b.
Semantically identical to seq, but with a subtle operational difference: seq is strict in both its arguments, so the compiler may, for example, rearrange a `seq` b into b `seq` a `seq` b. This is normally no problem when using seq to express strictness, but it can be a problem when annotating code for parallelism, because we need more control over the order of evaluation; we may want to evaluate a before b, because we know that b has already been sparked in parallel with par.
This is why we have pseq. In contrast to seq, pseq is only strict in its first argument (as far as the compiler is concerned), which restricts the transformations that the compiler can do, and ensures that the user can retain control of the evaluation order.
Constant function.
O(min(n,W)). The expression (findWithDefault def k map) returns the value at key k or returns def when the key is not an element of the map.
> findWithDefault 'x' 1 (fromList [(5,'a'), (3,'b')]) == 'x'
> findWithDefault 'x' 5 (fromList [(5,'a'), (3,'b')]) == 'a'
List index (subscript) operator, starting from 0. It is an instance of the more general Data.List.genericIndex, which takes an index of any integral type.
O(log(min(i,n-i))). The element at the specified position, counting from 0. The argument should thus be a non-negative integer less than the size of the sequence. If the position is out of range, index fails with an error.
O(1) drop n xs returns the suffix of xs after the first n elements, or [] if n > length xs.
O(1) take n, applied to a ByteString xs, returns the prefix of xs of length n, or xs itself if n > length xs.
A variety of drop which omits the checks on n so there is an obligation on the programmer to provide a proof that 0 <= n <= length xs.
A variety of take which omits the checks on n so there is an obligation on the programmer to provide a proof that 0 <= n <= length xs.
O(min(n,W)). Delete a value in the set. Returns the original set when the value was not present.
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