Confused about typing in ghci

[Patrick Surry]

Thanks for the quick reply - I'm not sure I really understand exactly
what your rule means, but it's led me over to
http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Monomorphism_restriction where it
seems possible that I might eventually figure it out :)

Any thoughts on the other question about where I can go to understand
Haskell's precedence/associativity rules better (and avoid so many
parens)?

Cheers,
Patrick

-----Original Message-----
From: Debian User [mailto:mdanish at andrew.cmu.edu] 
Sent: Wednesday, April 02, 2008 4:40 PM
To: Patrick Surry
Cc: glasgow-haskell-users at haskell.org
Subject: Re: Confused about typing in ghci

On Wed, Apr 02, 2008 at 04:26:04PM -0400, Patrick Surry wrote:
> -- Why don't these (particularly g and g') all have the same type?
> Prelude> :t (\x -> x+1)
> (\x -> x+1) :: (Num a) => a -> a
> Prelude> let g = (\x -> x+1)
> Prelude> :t g
> g :: Integer -> Integer
> Prelude> let g' x = x + 1
> Prelude> :t g'
> g' :: (Num a) => a -> a

It's the monomorphism restriction in action, along with defaulting.
Basically, the rule is:

  Any binding of the form "g = ..." where there are no parameters
  *syntactically* must not be polymorphic with type-class
  restrictions.

If you disable it with -fno-monomorphism-restriction then the
differences go away.  In addition, Haskell has some special-case
"defaulting" rules for turning Num classed type-variables into
concrete types, which explains the appearance of "Integer"
specifically.

The reason for existence of this restriction is that such a "g" may be
recomputed for each use, much like a function call.  This could lead
to surprising behavior, though perfectly safe.  In Haskell, it's not
such a big deal, because of pure code, so some people prefer to turn
the restriction off.

Your options are to turn it off, always write syntactic parameters
like "g x = ...", or provide an explicit polymorphic type signature
like "g :: Num a => a -> a".

-- 
-- Matthew Danish -- user: mrd domain: cmu.edu
-- OpenPGP public key: C24B6010 on keyring.debian.org

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