# [Haskell-cafe] Re: Re: Data.Ring -- Pre-announce

Derek Elkins derek.a.elkins at gmail.com
Mon Jan 4 18:14:56 EST 2010

On Tue, Jan 5, 2010 at 5:13 AM, Maciej Piechotka <uzytkownik2 at gmail.com> wrote:
> On Mon, 2010-01-04 at 07:17 -0700, Luke Palmer wrote:
>> On Mon, Jan 4, 2010 at 6:51 AM, Maciej Piechotka <uzytkownik2 at gmail.com> wrote:
>> > About comonad - not exactly as every comonad is copointed and the only
>> > possible way is extract Empty = _|_
>>
>> I think this module could be cleaned up by disallowing empty lists.
>> You have this nice semantic property that "every clist has a focus",
>> but when you add empty you have to add "unless it's empty".  focus
>> returns a Maybe, isEmpty is necessary.
>>
>> I mean, it could be that your use case requires empty clists and would
>> be uglier without empty, but think about it.  I find in Haskell that
>> simplicity breeds simplicity; i.e. I'm willing to wager that whatever
>> algorithm you are using clist for will actually be cleaner if you got
>> rid of empty and modify the algorithm accordingly.  We shall see
>> though...
>>
>> Luke
>
> However then we lost the monoid (ok. I haven't send patch but please
> accept[1]) along with alternative/monad plus - which is much more
> popular, standard and useful then Copointed/Comonad.
>
> Additionally it would introduce:
> fromList [] = _|_

This isn't a big deal, it just means fromList is not appropriate
(which it is not, it should be fromNonEmptyList in this case.  We can
of course, also, simply return Maybe (NonEmptyCList a) which works
out.

> Is is somehow similar to 0 \in N - sometimes it is better to include it
> sometimes to not include it.
>
> Regards
>
> [1]
>> instance Monoid CList where
>>   mempty = Empry
>>   mappend = mplus

This is a bigger issue, however, given a type with a associative
binary operation, a semigroup, we can complete it to a monoid using a
Maybe-like type constructor to formally attach a unit.

data AddUnit a = Unit | Value a

class SemiGroup a where op :: a -> a -> a -- associative

instance (SemiGroup a) => Monoid (AddUnit a) where
mempty = Unit
Unit mappend y = y
x mappend Unit = x
Val x mappend Val y = Val (x op y)

We then have,
type CList a = AddUnit (NonEmptyCList a)